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Objective:To determine the content of albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, sophoricoside, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, 5-O-methylvisammioside and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol in Huaiqin Salve with high performance liquid chromatography-quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (HPLC-QAMS) method. Methods:The samples were separated with ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 column by a gradient elution using methanol-acetonitrile (1:2) (A)-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (B) as mobile phase and the flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 230 nm for albiflorin, paeoniflorin and benzoylpaeoniflorin, and 254 nm for sophoricoside, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, 5-O-methylvisammioside and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol. The column temperature was 30 ℃. Using sophoricoside as an internal standard, the relative correction factors (RCFs) of albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, 5-O-methylvisammioside and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol were calculated. The method was validated by comparison of the quantitative results between external standard method (ESM) and HPLC-QAMS method.Results:Albiflorin, paeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, sophoricoside, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, 5-O-methylvisammioside and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol showed good linear relationship within the range of 0.034 7-0.867 5, 0.063 6-1.590 0, 0.006 9-0.172 5, 0.198 6-4.965 0, 0.092 8-2.320 0, 0.026 6-0.665 0, 0.042 7-1.067 5, 0.020 9-0.522 5 μg ( r ≥ 0.999 1); whose average recoveries ( RSDs) were 98.85% (1.02%), 100.04% (0.67%), 96.92% (1.14%), 100.06% (0.85%), 99.31% (1.39%), 99.16% (1.22%), 98.59% (1.33%) and 97.58% (1.41%), respectively. No significant differences were found in the quantitative analysis of the components with ESM and HPLC-QAMS method. Conclusion:The HPLC-QAMS method could provide the reference for themulti-index component evaluation for Huaiqin Salve.
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is one of the mandatory examinations for the Diplomate of Oriental Medicine (Dipl.OM.) or Acupuncture (Dipl. Ac.) by American National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM). In reference to, and, the authors introduced the examination pattern and examination-related contents including such aspects as safety and professional responsibilities, treatment plan, and point location and discussed additionally the enlightening effects on acupuncture practice and examination in universities and international associations of Chinese medicine in our country.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) inhibits the development of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) by reducing pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricle (RV) hypertrophy. However, whether HGF can prevent RV remodeling via inhibiting apoptosis in RV cardiomyocytes and decreasing neurohormonal activation remains unknown.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The PAH and subsequent RV remodeling in rats were induced by subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (MCT). The PAH rats were transfected with adenovirus carrying HGF (Ad-HGF) via intratracheal instillation. Three weeks after transfection, the hemodynamics indexes were measured, serum levels for angiotonin II (ANG II) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were determined by ELISA. Histological analysis was used to assess the RV hypertrophy and fibrosis. The cardiomyocyte apoptosis in RV was assayed by TUNEL staining. The mRNA expression of BNP, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), Bax and Bcl-2 in RV was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the protein expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in RV was determined by Western blotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HGF treatment significantly decreased the mean PAH, RV systolic pressure, serum ANG II and BNP levels. HGF treatment also significantly decreased the RV hypertrophy, collagen deposition, and the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes. Moreover, HGF treatmemt significantly decreased the expression of BNP, ACE, Bax, TGF-β1, and TNF-α, while it significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gene transfer of HGF decreases MCT-induced PAH and improves RV remodeling. This effect is mediated not only by improving the hemodynamics but also by decreasing neurohormonal activation and inhibiting cardiomyocytes apoptosis. HGF gene treatment may be an effective strategy for improving RV remodeling in MCT-induced PAH.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Apoptosis , Genetics , Physiology , Hepatocyte Growth Factor , Genetics , Physiology , Therapeutic Uses , Hypertension, Pulmonary , Metabolism , Therapeutics , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Ventricular Remodeling , Genetics , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effects of family cognitive training on patients with vascular cognitive impairment but without dementia.Methods Sixty patients with non-dementia type vascular cognitive impairment were divided at random into a group which received family cognitive training (30 cases) and a control group (30 cases).The 2 groups all took routine drugs and exercise.The family cognitive training group received cognitive training additionally.Before treatment and after 1 and 6 months of treatment,all of the patients of both groups were assessed using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE),the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and the modified Barthel index (MBI).Results After 1 month of treatment there was no significant difference between the 2 groups in any of the assessments.After6 months the scores on each item of the MMSE,MoCA and MBI had improved significantly more in the family cognitive training group than in the control group.Conclusion Family cognitive training is effective in treating non-dementia type vascular cognitive impairment.It can delay disease progression and improve cognitive function and ability in the activities of daily living.